It is the aim of this research to determine the correlation between the risk and protective factors in the dental caries in. Pdf prevention of dental caries in children opportunities. From our perspective, dental caries continues to be one of the most common chronic. There is a wellrecognized need to identify susceptible children at birth. Furthermore, the development of novel technologies for the early detection of dental caries may be expected to have a major impact upon clinical dental research. Dental caries is an infective serious transmittable bacterial disease characterized by a multifactorial pathology. Introduction 1,2 the word caries is derived from latin word meaning rot or decay. Forty years of research clearly demonstrates that seal. Prevention of dental caries in children opportunities and limitations article pdf available in zdrowie publiczne polskie towarzystwo higjeniczne 1232. White paper on dental caries prevention and management. Susceptibility to dental caries and the salivary proline. There is evidence to demonstrate that dental caries occurs when the body can no longer control the inflammatory process within the tooth. Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, is a breakdown of teeth due to acids. These bacteria together with food particles and mucus are found in dental plaque, a soft and sticky substance that builds up on teeth.
Current diagnostic tools used in dental caries detection are not sensitive enough to diagnose the disease process in its early stages and, frequently, once a diagnosis is made, restoration is the only effective means of treatment. Donovan this chapter presents basic definitions and information on dental caries, clinical characteristics of the caries lesion, caries risk assessment, and caries management, in the context of clinical operative dentistry. Dental caries is an unevenly distributed, preventable disease with. Nih consensus statement diagnosis and management of dental. Dental caries, tooth decay or a cavity, is an infection caused by bacteria which ferments food debris and produces acid which, in turn, causes demineralization and destruction of the hard tissues of the teeth enamel, dentin and cementum. Caries occurs when bacteria endogenous to the mouth break down sugars in the food we. As pointed out above, the pooling of plaque samples is another factor that may seriously confound the information gained from molecular studies of caries. Cariesfree adults neutralize bacterial acids in dental biofilms better than adults with severe caries. Current theories suggest that a singular focus on mutans streptococci and lactobacillus as the sole causative microbiological agents is no longer a viable strategy in treatment of this prevalent disease. School of medicine and dentistry, center for oral biology, university of rochester medical center, rochester, ny, usa. Feb 15, 2009 dental decay is a chemoparasitic process consisting of 2 stages decalcification or softening of the tissue and dissolution of the softened residue. They are unsure if they should be aggressive in instrumenting suspicious lesions.
The disease and its clinical management pdf author. Following are some of the causes that is believed to cause dental carieschemical acid theory. It is affected by the consumption of dietary sugars. Dental caries1 also known as tooth decay or dental cavities is the most com. The national anticaries strategy has been fourpronged with goals to 1 to. The purpose of this report was to respond to aspects of the.
Saliva contains acidic and basic prolinerich proteins prps which attach to oral streptococci. Full text get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 572k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. The very early changes in the enamel can be detected with traditional visualtactile methods. Available food material to support the colonization of cariogenic bacteria. Some brands of smokeless tobacco contain high sugar content, increasing susceptibility to caries. Dental caries etiology, clinical characteristics, risk assessment, and management. Egland, in molecular medical microbiology second edition, 2015. Jan, 2017 ucsf global oral health symposium sugars. Dental caries can occur soon after eruption of the primary teeth, starting at 6 months of age.
Caries detection and diagnosis, sealants and management of the possibly carious fissure. Dental caries may be considered as a disease of modern civilization, since prehistoric man was rarely affected. Emerging methods of caries diagnosis journal of dental. It is incorporated into the crystal lattice structure of enamel, where it forms fluoroapatite, which is less acid soluble than is the apatite of enamel.
During the first dayandahalf of the conference, experts. Emerging technologies for diagnosis of dental caries. Dental caries tooth decay is a pathological process driven by numerous factors, e. The former is due to acids in the oral environment. Parmly 1819 proposed that an unidentified chymical agent was responsible for caries. F all the diseases which affect civilized human beings, none has the prevalence and widespread distribution of dental caries. Dental caries, commonly referred to as dental cavities in the us, is one of the most common sequela in the world, affecting 60% to 90% of children worldwide 1.
Dental caries is caused by acids generated by the dental plaque adhering to the tooth surface. The white paper on dental caries prevention and management urges the oral health. Cdc on diagnosis and management of dental caries throughout life. Dental caries is a multifactorial disease in which the signs of carious demineralization can be seen on the hard dental tissues, but the disease process is initiated within the bacterial biofilm dental plaque that covers the tooth surface. Surveillance for dental caries, dental sealants, tooth. History of dental caries facts and history of cariology. Sep 15, 2015 dental caries is a reversible disease that can be halted at any given point, as long as the biofilm can be removed. This monograph on dental caries is based on the special pathology of the tissues concerned. The cdc explored these issues in a public forum on march 2628, 2001, so that health care providers and the general public can make informed decisions about this important public health issue. Aetiology and pathogenesis what causes caries and what is the caries process. University of california television uctv 1,595 views 1. Dental caries is a common chronic disease that causes pain and disability across all age groups.
Theories of dental caries free download as powerpoint presentation. Main players in the etiology of this disease are cariogenic bacteria. For dental caries to develop, three essential factors must occur at the same time. Dental caries commonly referred to as cavities is a. Early childhood caries affects 28% of children aged 26 in the us and is not decreasing. It is one of the most common diseases throughout the world and history. It is the aim of this research to determine the correlation between the risk and protective factors in the dental caries in children in our country. Sodium fluoride added to drinking water to a concentration of 1 part per million is utilized by the body in formation of an enamel that is particularly resistant to caries.
Seokwoo lee, dds, ms, phd july 21, 2000 3 the specific plaque hypothesis and dental caries in 1924, clark isolated streptococci from human carious lesions, and named streptococcus mutans in 1960, keyes showed that cariesfree hamsters. Dental caries management in children and adults national. Jul 23, 2012 dental caries dental caries is an irreversiblemicrobial disease of the calcifiedtissues of the teeth, characterizedby demineralisation of inorganicportion and destruction of organicsubstance of the tooth, which oftenleads to cavitation. The caries involvement of the tooth structure is an interesting process as it progresses as a series of exacerbations and remissions. The most recent national survey 19881994 indicated that 52% of children 5 to 9 years of age have experienced dental caries. Dental sealants are effective in preventing dental caries in the occlusal chewing and other pitted and. The caries process is initiated in the biofilm or dental plaque fejerskov and manji, 1990.
This unfortunately implies, to an extent correctly, that some of the earlier information in these chapters is irrelevant in a book on dental caries. Following are some of the causes that is believed to cause dental caries chemical acid theory. The clinical thrust of the first edition is widened and strengthened to include coverage of the disease in all its variety, from eruption of the first primary tooth to the. Cda essentials is published by the canadian dental association in both official languages. In the field of dental caries diagnosis that the same. Nih consensus statement diagnosis and management of. Tooth decay dental caries is caused by certain bacteria. The author rightly states, a correct knowledge and understanding of normal structures is a fundamental requirement for the study of their pathological changes. Your mouth is full of bacteria, which combine with small food particles and saliva to form a sticky film known as. Tobacco use is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease, which can cause the gingiva to recede. The specific plaque hypothesis and dental caries in 1924, clark isolated streptococci from human carious lesions, and named streptococcus mutans in 1960, keyes showed that cariesfree hamsters develop dental caries only when caged together with cariesactive hamsters infectious and transmissible.
Dental caries involves interactions between the tooth structure, the microbial. Proteolytic theory gottileb 1947 proposed that microorganisms invade the organic pathways lamellae of the enamel and initiate caries by proteolytic action. According to this theory, teeth are destroyed by the acids formed in the oral cavity by the putrefaction of protein which produced ammonia and was subsequently oxidized to nitric. If left untreated, dental caries can lead to pain and infection, tooth loss, and edentulism total tooth loss. Introduction dental caries is a multifactorial disease in which the signs of carious demineralization can be seen on the hard dental tissues, but the disease process is initiated within the bacterial biofilm dental plaque that covers the tooth surface.
The disease and its clinical management the second edition of dental caries. This paper gives the definition of dental caries, its importance, and introductory remarks on enamel structure and composition. It is the destruction of dental hard acellular tissue by acidic byproducts from the bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates especially sucrose. Prevention and control of early childhood tooth decay. Tooth decay, also known as dental decay or dental caries, is when acids in your mouth dissolve the outer layers of your teeth. Sugars and dental caries world health organization. Sep 02, 2016 introduction 1,2 the word caries is derived from latin word meaning rot or decay. The teeth are protected by the mucosal immune system discussed in chapter 12, but for obvious reasons, lack some of the cellular components of that system. Journal dental research 68, 1989 streptococcus mutans s. Theories of dental caries causes and etiology arunmktrichy. Class vi incisal or occlusal edge worn away due to abrasion. Caries occurs when bacteria endogenous to the mouth break down sugars in the food we eat and produce an acid that demineralizes. Dental caries is a multifactorial disease, as such, protection against dental caries involves a number of factors.
Unfortunately, this book cant be printed from the openbook. Pit and fissure sealants are highly effective at caries prevention, reducing the inci dence of dentinal caries over a four year period by greater than 50%. Dental caries, commonly known as decay of the teeth, is found in all. Summary cavitation in teeth results from a pathogenic process termed dental caries that has occurred on the tooth surface for weeks or even. Caries free adults neutralize bacterial acids in dental biofilms better than adults with severe caries. Caries detection and diagnosis, sealants and management of. Susceptibility to dental caries and the salivary prolinerich. Prevention and control of early childhood tooth decay 3 2. Professor and chairman of the department of oral diagnosis, indiana university school of dentistry, indianapolis professor and chairman of the department of oral diagnosis, indiana university school of dentistry indianapolis 1. The caries process can be interrupted if a factor is modified or does not exist caries diagnosis, 1995. Dental caries is an infectious microbiological disease that results in localized dissolution and destruction of calcified structures of the teeth. The use of tobacco may also increase the risk for caries formation. Professor and chairman of the department of oral diagnosis, indiana university school of dentistry, indianapolis professor and chairman of the department of oral diagnosis, indiana.
It is perhaps unfortunate that the term caries can be used to refer to both the caries process and the caries lesion that forms as a result of that process. For caries to develop, three factors must occur at the same time. Immunology of dental caries, periodontal authorstream. Fluoridation of drinking water leads to reductions in dental caries. Dental caries is a process developing as a result of the disturbed balance between the factors comprising the oral environment. Dental caries is an expensive disease to treat, consuming 510% of health. New directions in the etiology of dental caries disease. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a pdf. Thus, although great progress has been made in preventive dentistry, dental caries is still a major health problem, afflicting about 50% of our children.
Dental caries is a reversible disease that can be halted at any given point, as long as the biofilm can be removed. Histopathology of dental caries linkedin slideshare. Pitts nb1, zero dt2, marsh pd3, ekstrand k4, weintraub ja5. Molecular pathogenesis formation of mutans streptococcal dental plaques is the primary requisite for the initiation of pathogenic processes 3 phases.
836 873 604 812 525 251 19 1250 1505 701 1162 1262 1240 1045 834 1402 1543 806 644 1244 347 1127 837 571 54 1347 43 618 233 1495 1169 200 1482 1580 205 434 200 424 474 433 551 571 1292 117 299 805 525 507 596 845